Gender & Women Studies Program

Factors Responsible for sex Typing   Socialization is a process by which members of a society shape the shape the behaviour of immature individuals so that they trow into competent contributing participants. family, community and peers are very significant agents in the process of socialization. Parents shape the sex-typed behaviour through extending the differential treatment and providing an opportunity for identification. The parents and other adults behave differently with boys and girls within the family. The child learns that and also has an opportunity . These two processes are inter linked. The sex-roles can more behaviour with only any one of the mechanisms. These two reinforce each other. or the differential behaviour can not produce the sex-roles unless the child goes through the process of deification , which would provide a cognitive emotive bridge between the person and the perceived standard of social structure. Some type of behaviors are clearly labeled with gender

S ex Gender and Biology We describe ourselves in many different ways. One of the most fundamental ways is to say “I am man or I am women “. That is to describe oneself in term of biological sex. When a biological given sex (Maleness and Femaleness) is used as the basis for constructing a social category, we call it gender. “Although many people use the terms “sex “and gender interchangeably, they do not have the exact same meaning. Sex is biological concept gender is a social construct. It may be that few of your socially defined characteristics relating to gender describe you accurately but this perhaps is less important than the fact that people beliefs treating women and men differently even as opposites. Significantly this differentiation occult not only on an interpersonal level between individuals’ but also on a structure level within a given society. Every society prescribes traits, behaviors and patterns of social interaction for its members on th

Sex Gender and Biology We describe ourselves in many different ways. One of the most fundamental ways is to say “I am man or I am women “. That is to describe oneself in term of biological sex. When a biological given sex (Maleness and Femaleness) is used as the basis for constructing a social category, we call it gender. “Although many people use the terms “sex “and gender interchangeably, they do not have the exact same meaning. Sex is biological concept gender is a social construct. It may be that few of your socially defined characteristics relating to gender describe you accurately but this perhaps is less important than the fact that people beliefs treating women and men differently even as opposites. Significantly this differentiation occults not only on an interpersonal level between individuals’ but also on a structure level within a given society. Every society prescribes traits, behaviors and patterns of social interaction for its members on the

The Problems of working Women......... Men and women play an important role in society together. If you remove one of them, there is so imperfect society. If we want a healthy society, men and women have equal rights. And around the world are trying to eliminate the negative discrimination. It is said that our society is a society of men. Woman is confined to the four walls of the house. Both men and women are equal to men, who can work a woman can do the job. In Urdu مرد اور عورت معاشرے میں مل کر اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔ اگر ان میں سے ایک کو نکال دیا جاے تو معاشرہ نامکمل ہے۔ اگر ہمیں صحت مند معاشرہ چاہیے تو مرد اور عورت کو برابر حقوق دینے ہوں گے۔  اور پوری دنیا میں آج منفی امتیاز ختم کرنے کی کوشش کر رہے ہیں۔ اور ہمارے معاشرے کہا جاتا ہے کہ یہ معاشرہ صرف مردوں کا ہے۔ عورت کو گھر کی چار دیواری تک محدود کر دیا جاتا ہے۔ مرد اور عورت دونو برابر ہیں جو کام مرد کر سکتے ہیں وہ کام عورت بھی کر سکتی ہے۔                 

Women and Drugs How Affected in a Society P eople take drugs for a variety of reasons. Women do use and depend on drugs. Some women use drugs as a coping strategy during particularly stressful times in their lives. There are many different kinds of drugs, with a variety of different effects. Opiates, stimulants, tranquilizers, etc, can all affect in different ways. Some drugs have side effects, that alter appetites or bodily functions. Many women find that using drugs such as ecstasy (MD-MA) or speed (amphetamines) can result in a loss of appetite and consequently weight loss. Women are more at risk from heatstroke than men because women have different water/fat ratios in their bodies. Although both women and men take drugs, because of their different chemical make-ups, take they affect each gender differently. In addition, women experience hormonal changes throughout their lives with puberty, menopause, and pregnancy. During each of this unique phases in a woman's life, she n

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As has been the case in Pakistan, in Nepal too in spite of various national and international commitment , no significant  policy change for programme has taken place in increasing women's participation in the media, or in bringing about  change in the stereotypical role of women. Women have not gained parity with men in participation and decision-making  with the management still being entirely male-dominated and patriarchal. The gender division of labor is highly  pronounced in production, creative and technical departments. The media has mostly disproportionate representation of women in glamour,  entertainment, crime and fashion pages. It is seen that there is a lack of truly gender-sensitive approach and analysis of womens  issues by both men and women in media which allowed exploitative derogatory images of women in media. in Urdu......... مختلف قومی اور بین الاقوامی عزم کے باوجود بھی نیپال میں، پاکستان میں  کیس کیا گیا ہے، کوئی قابل ذکر  پروگرام کے لئے policy تبدی

Gender Discrimination: Mass media became one of the main sources of popular culture in today's society. Media however, not only entertains and offers news to people, but also transfers the stereotypes, beliefs and values of the society to reproduce the existing order of social life. Al-tho users, in his theory of ideological state apparatuses say that, schools, families, religions play the role of the the ideological state apparatuses. These institutions invisibly transfer and instruct the dominant ideology of the society into the minds of people in order to be able to control people. In today's world, media has turned out be yet another althusserian ideological apparatus that control the mind of masses. It seems like media creates the unique pieces of art , Movies , Magazines, Music, TV shows and others.......

To Educate, Entertain and Inform . In most places throughout the world, the media have become crucial to the working of the economic, political, social and cultural sphere, at the global, national and local levels, as well as for everyday life in the private sphere, where they are  important sources of both information and entertainment.

Exploitation of women 's events in the world are going brhty . , And the Western World in the media in the background keeping the spare sry critical of Islamic society are not Nasha . Misconceptions about Islam in the community development 're climbing . especially women's shame of the world of Islam is bigotry . context because Islam fourteen hundred years ago today, women's rights were given . issues a woman can only understand the foot was taken . , and our objective of this article is only about Islam is to remove narrowly . , and society tell . , the media is beating the drums of the Western society . solely on the basis of lies . , which the purpose of repression of zryayaurt feminism is bad . , and not a few . though clearly says in the " Quran " . Islam does not differentiate between men and women in BC . ' Surah Baqarah Services Limited . Verse 288 .

Definition of Mass Communication:                                       Mass Communication refers to the process by which a complex organization with the aid of one of two machines produce and transmit public message are targeted large , heterogeneous and Scattered audiences (Dminick, J. R. 1993). Definition of Mass Media:                                     Amedium is the channel through which a message travels from the sources to the receiver ("medium " is singular , "media " is plural ). Mass Media uses theses channels to carry the message our definition of mass media will include not only the mechanical devices that transmit and sometimes store the message  (TV cameras, radio microphones, printing presses) but also the institutions that use theses machines to transmit messages. When we talk about the mass media of television, radio, newspapers, magazine, sound recoding,and film, we will referring to the communication (Dminick, J. R. 1993). Banners, billbo

Social Understandings of Health Asocial perspective of health is one that concentrate on improving health an well-being of the population and talks about the factors ,which influence ,and well-being. This view also draws on key social determinants that influence broadsides of health and illness with a population. The World Health Organization has offered a definition of health that goes beyond the biomedical and argues that health is: A state of complete social , psychological and physical well -being and not merely the absence of disease ; Implicit within this definition os the notion that health is not purely a physical phenomenon, but is influenced by soc-cultural, economic and psychological factors. There are whole range of alternative understandings of health and illness that very broadly the understanding of health.Some have developed as indigenous systems over centuries acupuncture, whilst others have emerged more recently, partly in response to criticisms of the biomedical ap

Women And Health                                                     Health is one of the fundamental  human rights ans there many important linkages between health and other human rights. Still the focus on human rights within the health context is relatively recent. The right to health is an inclusive right. It can be understood as a right to the enjoyment of a variety of facilities, goods, services and conditions necessary for the realization of the highest attainable stand able of health. The enjoyment of right to health is linked to other human rights such as the right to food and education. Key human rights principles such as participation , accountability, transparency, non-discrimination, empowerment and local ownership related to health and affect the health policies and program-mes. In many ways human rights violations affect health for example: Human rights violations often have serious health consequences violence against women and children , torture  female genital

Behavior Qualities A standardized image or conception of type of a person. These are part of cultural , social & personality system. It is carried from generation to generation. GENDER STEREOTYPES These are related to gender roles (which are assigned to the sexes). So stereotyping ignores the vast individual difference that  exist between male & female. Could be generalizations.   COMMON STEREOTYPES  GIRLS/WOMEN                         Weak                                     Dependent                                  Emotional                                    Fragile                                         Passive                                        Soft Spoken                                l Secretaries                                  Nurturing                                     Gentle                                         Caretakers      BOYS / MEN          Powerful          Independent          Rati

SEX DIFFERENCES:   BIOLOGICAL MALE AR FEMALE , Physical category , Natural , Born With. CANNOT BE CHANGED  GENDER : ACQUIRED FAMININE  & MASCULINE CAN BE CHANGED IT DETERMINES , ROLES , RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN & WOMEN .   It is influence by: Class , Race , Age , Culture , Religion ,  Politics , War , Education.

Welcome to the Department of Gender & Women’s Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. GWS offers interdisciplinary perspectives on the formation of gender and its intersections with other relations of power, such as sexuality, race, class, nationality, religion, and age. Questions are addressed within the context of a transnational world and from perspectives as diverse as history, sociology, literary and cultural studies, postcolonial theory, science, new technology, and art.